Homepage is: http://www.btinternet.com/~shawweb/stephen

More on Dad's personal involvment

The text below has been collected from various Net sources and deals with Dad's wartime experiences - the Convoys, his ships, and his final wartime operation with the Special Services on Leros.

First the ships...

The Flower Class corvette programme used a design submitted by Smith`s Dock, Middlesbrough, based on their whale catcher SOUTHERN PRIDE and were designed to be built in mercantile yards.

Dad's first ship ARABIS was lent to the US navy as SAUCY on 30 April 1942. Returned to the RN as SNAPDRAGON in 1945. Sold 1946 and renamed KATINA as a merchant ship.

War was declared 3rd September 1939.

Noteable events involving Arabis include - (Note- entries have been abbreviated by omitting long lists of other ships involved)
Arabis, K.73, Commissioned 14th February 1940.

Builder: Harland and Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Northern Ireland, Length: 202' 2", Beam: 33', Draft: 14' 7", Displacement: 925 tons (measurements are the imperial feet(')and inches(") used before metrication). Top speed: 16.5 knots

24th April 1940
A German submarine was reported off Start Point. Destroyer VESPER and corvette ARABIS were also ordered to search. Destroyer VESPER departed Plymouth at 2053 and corvette ARABIS departed Plymouth at 2230 to search.

6th May 1940
Convoy OG.29F (to Gibralter) was formed from convoys OA.143GF (Outward Atlantic), which departed Southend on the 6th, escorted by corvette ARABIS from 6 to 8 May, Corvette ARABIS's role was the first use of the new Flower corvettes in an OG.convoy.

12th May 1940
Convoy OA.147 departed Southend escorted by destroyer WESSEX and corvette ARABIS. The corvette was later detached to convoy HX.40 (ex Halifax, Nova Scotia, arrived Liverpool 19th May 1940)

20th May 1940
Convoy OA.152 departed Southend escorted by corvette ARABIS. The corvette was later transferred to convoy HG.31.

May 26th to June 4th 1940 was the evacuation of Dunkirk.

31st May 1940
On the 31st, U.101 attacked Convoy HG.31 from Gibralter, and sank British steamer ORANGEMOOR (5775grt) in 49?53N, 03?23W before being slightly damaged and driven away from the convoy by escorting British corvette ARABIS.
Canadian destroyer RESTIGOUCHE was ordered to hunt for the submarine. Destroyer FERNIE was ordered to join corvette ARABIS.
Corvette ARABIS escorted the convoy from 31 May to 2 June. The convoy arrived at Liverpool on 2 June.

2nd June 1940
Convoy OA.160 departed Southend escorted by corvette ARABIS from 2 to 5 June. The corvette was detached to convoy SL.33.

6th June 1940
Convoy SL.33 from Freetown: On 6 June, sloop LEITH and corvette ARABIS joined the convoy and escorted it to arrival on 9 June. 9th June
Arabis listed under "Western Approaches Escort Force" - ARABIS (Lt Cdr B Blewitt RNR) arr Dover 9 Jun with convoy HG.32

10th June
Convoy OA.165 departed Southend escorted by corvette ARABIS.

19 Jun, 1940
HMS Arabis picks up 15 survivors from the Norwegian merchant Tudor that was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-48 northwest of Cape Finisterre in position 45d10m N, 11d 50m W.

22nd June 1940:
U.32 badly damaged Norwegian motor tanker ELI KNUDSEN (9026grt) from convoy HX.49 in 50?36N, 08?44W. Destroyers IMOGEN, GRIFFIN, ST LAURENT, SKEENA and corvettes ARABIS and HEARTSEASE searched for the submarine.

23rd June 1940
In his book "U-boat Fact File", Peter Sharpe says that U-122 left Kiel on 13 June, and was lost between the North Sea and the Bay of Biscay. She sent her last transmission on 21 June in position 56.03N 07.55W. Possibly sunk 23.06.40 in a depth-charge attack by RN corvette Arabis escorting Convoy OA175, with all 48 hands. (No position is given for that attack).

25th June
Convoy HX50- destroyers VOLUNTEER and WHIRLWIND and corvettes ARABIS and HEARTSEASE escorted the convoy until 27 June. The convoy reached Liverpool on the 30th.

1st July 1940
Convoy OA.176 from Southend -Corvettes HEARTEASE and ARABIS escorted the convoy on 1 July.

22nd August 1940:
Convoy HG.41 from Gibraltar - Destroyer WALKER and corvette ARABIS from convoy OB.200 escorted the convoy from 22 August to 24 and 25 August, respectively. The convoy arrived at Liverpool on the 26th.

18th August
Convoy OB.200 departed Liverpool escorted by destroyer WALKER and covette ARABIS from 18 to 21 August. The escorts were detached to convoy HG.41.

31st August
Convoy HX67- destroyers WALKER and WARWICK, sloop ROCHESTER, corvettes ARABIS and BLUEBELL joined the convoy. They remained with the convoy arriving at Liverpool on 4 September.

8th September
Convoy OB.210 departed Liverpool escorted by destroyer SKATE and corvettes ANEMONE and ARABIS. On 10 September, the escort was detached.

19th September 1940
Convoy OB.216 departed Liverpool escorted by destroyer VANQUISHER, sloop SCARBOROUGH, and corvette ARABIS. The convoy was joined on the 21st by escorted ship GLEANER and corvettes CAMELLIA and FLEUR DE LYS. The escort was detached on the 23rd.

20th September 1940
Steamer EMPIRE ADVENTURE was first taken in tow by British tug SUPERMAN, but sank on the 23rd. Twenty one crew were lost on steamer EMPIRE ADVENTURE. The survivors were rescued by corvette ARABIS.
Twenty six survivors from steamer BOKA were landed at Londonderry by corvette ARABIS. Eight crew were missing.

21 Sep, 1940
HMS Arabis (Lt.Cdr. A. Blewitt) picks up 23 survivors from the British whale factory ship New Sevilla that was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-138 52 miles northwest of Rathlin Island in position 55d 50m N, 07d 30m W.

23rd September 1940: Convoy SC4- destroyers ACTIVE, KEPPEL, and VANQUISHER, sloop LOWESTOFT, and corvettes ARABIS, CAMELLIA, FLEUR DE LYS, and HEARTSEASE joined the convoy and escorted it to its arrival at Liverpool on the 26th.

29th September 1940
Convoy OB.221 departed Liverpool with destroyer ANTHONY, corvettes ARABIS, CALENDULA, and COREOPSIS. Corvette ARABIS was detached on 2 October and destroyer ATNHONY and corvette CALENDULA left on 3 October.

3rd October 1940
Convoy BHX.75 (ex Bermuda) - Destroyers AMAZON and ANTHONY, corvettes ARABIS, CALENDULA, and CLEMATIS, escort ship JASON joined on 3 October. The escort ship was detached later that day and the trawler the next day. The remainder of the escort arrived with the convoy at Liverpool on 7 October.

15th October 1940
Convoy OB.229 departed Liverpool escorted by destroyers CHELSEA, STURDY, WHITEHALL, corvettes ARABIS and HELIOTROPE. Destroyer CHELSEA was detached on the 16th and the rest of the escort on the 18th.

18th October 1940
Convoy HX.79, which had departed Halifax on the 8th escorted by Armed merchant cruisers MONTCLARE and ALAUNIA and Dutch submarine O.14, was reinforced in the Western Approaches by destroyers WHITEHALL and STURDY, escort vessel JASON, corvettes HIBISCUS, HELIOTROPE, COREOPSIS, ARABIS in the Western Approaches.

19th October 1940
HX-79: 49 ships. On 19 October, destroyers STURDY and WHITEHALL, escort ship JASON, corvettes ARABIS, COREOPSIS, HIBISCUS. Sighted 19th October by U-Boat U-47 (Kpt Gunther Prien). U-boats: U-28, U-46*, U-47*, U-48*, U-100* (* U-boats that fired torpedoes or shoot with gun)
The battle: In the face of the strong escort the u-boats sank during the night 19/20th October 12 ships for a total of 75,069 tons.
The convoy arrived at Liverpool 23 October.

29th October
Convoy OB.236 departed Liverpool escorted by destroyer BROKE, sloop LEITH and corvettes ARABIS and HELIOTROPE. The escort was joined on the 30th by destroyers MALCOLM and SARDONYX. On 1 November, corvette GENTIAN was with the convoy for the day only and the rest of the convoy escort, less sloop LEITH, was detached.

11th November 1940
Convoy OB.239, which had departed Liverpool on the 4th, but was recalled and arrived at Oban, departed Oban on the 10th escorted by corvette LA MALOUINE. The escort was joined on the 11th by destroyers BROKE, MALCOLMand SARDONYX and corvettes ANEMONE and ARABIS. On the 13th, destroyers MALCOLM and SARDONYX were detached and the remainder of the escort of 14 November.

27th November 1940:-
On 26 November, destroyers SALADIN and SCIMITAR joined the escort. Destroyer BROKE and corvettes ANEMONE, ARABIS, MALLOW joined on the 27th. Destoyer BROKE was detached on the 28th and corvette ARABIS on the 29th. The convoy arrived at Liverpool on the 30th

14th December 1940:-
Convoy OB.259 departed Liverpool escorted by corvette ARABIS. The corvette was detached that night.

18th December 1940
Convoy HX-94 (arr Liverpool 22nd)- Destroyer SCIMITAR and corvettes and ARABIS and MALLOW joined on the 18th. Corvette ARABIS was detached on the 19th.

29th December 1940
Convoy OB.266 from Liverpool escorted by destroyers SCIMITAR and SKATE, corvette CLARKIA, armed boarding vessel CRISPIN, anti-submarine trawler MAN O WAR. The convoy was joined on the 29th by corvettes ARABIS and MALLOW, anti-submarine trawlers NORTHERN DAWN, NORTHERN PRIDE, ST ELSTAN. The escort, less the armed boarding vessel, were detached on the 31st.

1st January 1941:-
Ships LIst- Western Approaches Command - Londonderry- ARABIS (Lt Cdr J P Stewart RNR) dep Londonderry 29 Dec
Convoy SL59 (from Freetown)- On 1 January, destroyers SCIMITAR and SKATE, ocean boarding vessel CRISPIN, corvettes ARABIS, CLARKIA, MALLOW, anti-submarine trawlers MAN O WAR, NORTHERN DAWN, NORTHERN PRIDE, ST ELSTAN joined. The ocean boarding vessel and corvette CLARKIA were detached on 3 January. The convoy arrived at Liverpool on 5 January.

19th January 1941
Convoy OG.50 departed Liverpool escorted by destroyers MALCOLM, SHIKARI, SKATE, sloop DEPTFORD, corvettes ARABIS and LA MALOUINE, anti-submarine trawlers LADY ELSA, WELLARD, ZENO, ocean boarding vessel MARSDALE. The destroyers, corvettes, trawlers were detached on the 20th

21st January 1941
Convoy HG-50 (from Gibralter)- On the 21st, destroyers HESPERUS, JACKAL, MALCOLM, SHIKARI, SKATE, SKEENA, corvete ARABIS, anti-submarine trawler WELLARD joined the convoy. Corvette ARABIS was detached on the 23rd

23 Jan, 1941
The British merchant Lurigethan is bombed and damaged by a German FW200 aircraft. The crew abandoned ship and were picked up by the British corvette HMS Arabis, which stayed near the ship to wait for a tug. At 02.12 hours on 26 January 1941, the burning and abandoned Lurigethan was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-105 west of Ireland in position 53.46N, 16.00W. 8th March 1941
Convoy OB.295 departed Liverpool, escorted by corvette HELIOTROPE and anti-submarine trawler NORTHERN DAWN. On 9 March, destroyers ECHO, ELECTRA, INGLEFIELD, SARDONYX, SCIMITAR, and VALOROUS, corvettes ARABIS, MALLOW, and VIOLET joined the escort.

18th March 1941
Convoy HG-55: corvettes ARABIS, MALLOW, and VIOLET and anti-submarine yacht PHILANTE joined. The convoy arrived at Liverpool on the 22nd.

23rd March 1941
Convoy OB.301 departed Liverpool, escorted by destroyers BURWELL, SARDONYX, SCIMITAR, and WATCHMAN, sloop FLEETWOOD, corvettes ARABIS and MALLOW, and anti-submarine trawler NORTHERN WAVE. The corvettes were detached on the 26th

27th March
Convoy HG-56: destroyers LEGION, SARDONYX, SCIMITAR, WATCHMAN, and BURWELL, Polish destroyer PIORUN, sloop FLEETSTONE, corvettes ARABIS, MALLOW, and VIOLET, and convoy rescue ship ZAAFAREN joined the convoy. The convoy arrived at Liverpool on 2 April.

6th April 1941:-
Convoy OG.58 departed liverpool escorted by corvettes AMARANTHUS, ARABIS, HELIOTROPE, and PRIMULA, -corvettes ARABIS and HELIOTROPE were detached on the 12th.

14th May 1941:-
Convoy OB.322 - Corvette ARABIS joined on the 14th.The escort was detached when the convoy dispersed on the 20th.

21st May 1941:-
Convoy HX.126 was joined on the 21st by destroyers BURNHAM and BURWELL, corvettes ARABIS, HELIOTROPE- Detached on the 22nd, corvettes ARABIS, HELIOTROPE, MALLOW

8th June 1941:-
Convoy SL.75 from Freetown - Corvette ARABIS joined on 8 June to 12 June.

22nd June
Convoy OB.338 from Liverpool. corvettes ARABIS and VIOLET, joined the convoy outside Liverpool. This group was detached on the 26th.

27th June 1941:-
Convoy HX.133 from Halifax - corvettes ARABIS, CELANDINE, GLADIOLUS, and NASTURTIUM, and minesweepers NIGER and SPEEDWELL joined on the 27th.

27th-29th - Attacks on Halifax/UK convoy HX133 - A total of 10 U-boats attack Halifax/UK convoy HX133 south of Iceland - Five ships are lost but the convoy escort sinks two U-boats. Corvettes "Celandine", "Gladiolus" and "Nasturtium" account for "U-556" on the 27th, and destroyers "Scimitar" and "Malcolm", corvettes "Arabis" and "Violet" and minesweeper "Speedwell" sink "U-651" on the 29th. The escort had been reinforced to a total of 13 ships as a result of 'Ultra' intercepts of Enigma codes. This, the first of the big convoy battles, leads to the development of additional convoy support groups.

29 Jun, 1941:-
Convoy HX-133 - The German submarine U-651 was sunk south of Iceland, in position 59.52N, 18.36W, by depth charges from the British destroyers HMS Malcolm, HMS Scimitar, the corvettes HMS Arabis and HMS Violet and the minesweeper HMS Speedwell.
HMS Arabis (Lt.Cdr. P. Stewart) also picks up a survivor from the British merchant Greyburn one of U-651's last victims.

1st July 1941
Ship Lists- Western Approaches- Londonderry- 8th Escort Group - corvette ARABIS (Lt Cdr J P Stewart RNR) dep 21 Jun

13th July 1941:-
Convoy SC.36 from Sidney, CB, joined by ARABIS. With corvette ARABIS, the convoy arrived at Liverpool on the 19th.

11th August 1941:-
Convoy ON.6 departed Liverpool, escorted by corvette ARABIS, detached on the 17th

17th August 1941
Two conflicting reports on record-
Convoy HX.142 from Halifax, corvette ARABIS joined and on the 18th, the convoy arrived at Liverpool with destroyer BOADICEA and corvette ARABIS.
Convoy HX.143 from Halifax joined by Arabis - The convoy arrived at Liverpool on the 20th.

1st September 1941:
Convoy ON.11 from Liverpool. Joined on 1 September by corvettes ARABIS, MONKSHOOD, and PETUNIA. These escorts were detached on 4 September.

5th September 1941:
Convoy SC.41 from Sydney, CB -Corvette ARABIS joined on 5 September. The convoy arrived at Liverpool on 11 September.

15th September 1941
Convoy ON.16 from Liverpool, Corvettes ARABIS and PETUNIA joined on the 15th. and the corvettes ARABIS and PETUNIA were detached on the 20th.

20th September 1941:
Convoy HX.149 from Halifax joined by corvette ARABIS. The convoy arrived at Liverpool on the 25th.

5th October 1941:-
Convoy ON.23 from Liverpool. joined on the 5th by corvettes ARABIS, ARROWHEAD, CELANDINE, DAHLIA, MONKSHOOD, and PETUNA

13th October 1941:
Convoy HX.153 from Halifax, - joined -corvette ARABISdetached on the 17th.

26th October:
Convoy ON.30 from Liverpool, escorted corvettes ARABIS, DAHLIA and MONKSHOOD - These escorts were detached on 2 November

4th November 1941:
Convoy SC.51 from Sydney CB - joined- corvette ARABIS, detached on 7 November.

9th December 1941
Convoy ON.44 from Liverpool - joined :- ARABIS, detached on the 12th

15th December 1941:
Convoy HX.163 from Halifax,-joined by corvette ARABIS, - detached on the 18th.

28th December 1941:-
Convoy ON.51 from Liverpool was joined by ARABIS. The escorts were detached on 2 January

7th January 1942:
Convoy HX.167 from Halifax, joined by corvettes ARABIS, DAHLIA, MONKSHOOD, and SNOWFLAKE

20th January 1942:
Convoy SC.64 from Sydney, CB, joined by corvettes ARABIS, The convoy arrived at Liverpool on the 23rd.

2nd February 1942:
Convoy ON.62 from Liverpool, joined by ARABIS - detached on the 7th

12th February 1942:
Convoy HX.173 from Halifax, joined by ARABIS, The escorts all detached on the 13th and the convoy arrived at Liverpool on the 14th.

Dad stayed on Arabis in N. Ireland until she was handed over, and then went to join

BRYONY

The order was placed with the well known Northern Ireland builders, Harland & Wolff of Belfast. After a total of eleven months work the vessel was launched on the 15th March 1941, being completed to the short forecastle design.

During this period of the war the German Luftwaffe where bombing various installations all over Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In one of the air raids over Belfast the shipyard of Harland & Wolff became a target and a direct hit was scored on the vessel K192 and was sunk during the fitting out stage of the construction.

HMS. Bryony was in a bad state, no upper deck, no between deck, and what superstructure remained was a tangle. All that remained was a set of ribs sticking out of the water, no hull plates, probably there were some plates left from the keel and bilge keel, but it was impossible to ascertain to this, as there was so much water in what remained of the hull, it looked like a load of scrap metal.

When the dust had settled from the air raid and the management and Admiralty had inspected the damage to K192 it was believed feasible to re-float and rebuild the vessel.

On the 4th June 1942 K192 was commissioned and became known as HMS. Bryony, her captain being at this time Lieutenant / Commander Stewart RNR and the ships motto read:

QUID HABEO IDEM TENEO
which translated reads
What I Have, the same I hold.

After leaving Belfast the ship proceeded across the Irish Sea to Tobermory in Scotland for a two week work and training exercise to familiarise the crew with their new ship.

Following their exercises the ship sailed to Gladstone Dock, Liverpool which was to become their base until June 1943.

While under going the exercises the crew learnt that they would be going on their first convoy, known as P.Q.18, to North Russia. Not everyone on board the ship was happy about this because of the fate of the previous convoy, P.Q. 17, which was the most disastrous convoy on record.

The above information is taken from the book written by Ron Horabin, 'Tribute to a Flower.'

Convoy PQ18 comprised two sections. The largest, 40 merchantmen, sailed from Loch Ewe on the late afternoon of 2 September 1942 with a small escort to rendezvous with the Iceland section, 8 merchant ships, which sailed at 0700 hrs on the 5th to meet them with escorts :- destroyers MALCOLM, ACHATES and AMAZON; AA ships ULSTER QUEEN and ALYNBANK; minesweepers HARRIER and GLEANER; corvettes BRYONY, BERGAMOT, BLUEBELL and CAMELIA; three trawlers, each towing a little motor minesweeper.

On the 8th two submarines P614 and P615 joined the escort and travelled on the surface with Bryony watching over them.

The discipline of the convoy was not very good and Stewart had to warn the OLIVER ELLSWORTH on more than one occasion that she was in danger and threatening the security of the screen.

The convoy was attacked by 44 German aircraft just south of Spitzbergen on the 13th and some 70 torpedoes doing 50 knots were dropped at about 1000 yards range against the long lines of wallowing freighters.
The convoy Commodore had issued emergency turn procedures to "comb" the path of the torpedoes which was in general followed by the British ships, but the Russian and American ships in the convoy tended to pay no attention to signals, the 9th and 10th columns did not turn and except for one ship they were all sunk, 9 ships in all.

Lieut. Com. Stewart, stationed astern with his two submarines, noticed that there was a tendency for the ship s to reduce speed during an air attack, some were almost stationary. On the 14th U 457 fired 4 torpedoes at the convoy . One hit the tanker ATHELTEMPLAR, fortunately in he engine room and not the fuel tanks, passing under the rescue ship COPELAND and just astern of BRYONY.

PQ18 finally reached Archangel on the 21st September. Com. Russell of MALCOLM noted "The commanding officer of BRYONY whom I passed coming up channel, appeared to have had his sense of propriety considerably upset by having a female Pilot on board." The Germnans mounted a heavy air attack on Archangel the same night from airfields only 50 miles away. All the ambulances and other medical supplies had their "Gift to the Soviet people from Coventry" etc painted out before they were landed often, at this stage, to be left on the dockside.

Details of PQ18 are in the Admiralty files ADM199/758 and 1709 and ADM237/169 in the Public Record Office at Kew.

BRYONY returned to Iceland as part of the ocean escort with QP15.

On 16 January 1943 she sailed from Loch Ewe as escort for 3 ships for convoy JW52 but heavy weather forced them to turn back as deck cargoes threatened to go overboard.

On 29th and 30th May 1943, escorted the final leg of convoy KMS 15G which arrived at Gibralter on 30th May 1943.

June 1943: 44th Escort Group for escort of outward convoy KMS16B to Gibraltar. Ships included HM Corvettes BERGAMOT, BRYONY, HONEYSUCKLE, HYDERABAD RIN and RHODODENDRON.

Not too sure when Dad was wounded, but guessing he was on Bryony up to August 1943 at least and probably on some of the following work:

24th June to 6th July 1943- KMS18B.
7th to 9th July 1943 - UGS310 arriving at Port Said on 10th July.
19th to 22nd July 1943 - UGS11.
28th to 30th July 1943- KMS21G arriving at Gibralter on 29th July.
7th to 9th August 1943- KMS21 arriving at Port Said on 9th August.
16th to 25th August 1943 - MKS22 Alexandria to Gibralter.
30th August 1943 to 10th September 1943- KMS24 Gibralter to Port Said.

July-August 1943- Bryony was one of the corvettes deployed for escort of military convoys (Part of escort for Assault convoys during initial landings) for Operation Husky (Allied landings in Sicily).

9th July 1943- Operation Husky:
A grand total of 2,590 US and British warships - major and minor were mostly allocated to their own landing sectors, but the Royal Navy total included the covering force against any interference by the Italian fleet. Many of the troops coming from North Africa and Malta made the voyage in landing ships and craft. As they approached Sicily with the other transports late on the 9th in stormy weather, Allied airborne landings took place. Sadly, many of the British gliders crashed into the sea, partly because of the weather. However, early next day, on the 10th, the troops went ashore under an umbrella of aircraft. The new amphibious DUKWS (or "Ducks") developed by the Americans played an important part in getting the men and supplies across the beaches.
There was little resistance by the Italians and few Germans, and the counter-attacks that were mounted were soon driven off. Syracuse was captured that day and within three days the British Eighth Army had cleared the south east corner of Sicily. At month's end the Allies held the entire island except the north-eastern part.

September 1943: The Italian surrender was signed in Sicily on the 3rd, but not announced until the 8th.

Their short length and shallow draught made them uncomfortable ships to live in; even when they were modified, after the fall of France, to enable them to counter the extended range of the German 'Wolf-packs'.
A fortnight of constant rolling and pitching on transatlantic convoy duty tended to exhaust all who sailed in them.
The ratings in the crews were mostly reservists with only a few key positions, such as Cox'n, Chief Bos'n's mate, Gunlayer, Chief Engineer etc., being filled by regular or recalled personnel; the officers were reservists, almost without exception, with the Captain usually ex-merchant navy.

Service aboard was monotonous and debilitating for long periods, either because of the need for constant vigilance in the face of those twin dangers, the sea and the enemy, or because of, in the North Atlantic at least, the cold.
When action came, it could be prolonged and brutal with the sight and aftermath of the sinking of freighters or of other warships. The torpedoing of a corvette itself would be especially dramatic: its few compartments below the water line would cause it to sink in seconds, with few survivors. Over 20 corvettes fell victim to torpedo or mine during the War.

Normally sleeping conditions on board for officers and petty officers were relatively reasonable, but for the seamen in a crowded, stuffy and water laden forecastle they were a great hardship. The inability to store perishable food for more than 2 or 3 days led to a boring repetition of corned-beef and powdered potato for breakfast, lunch and dinner.
Since most of the crewmen were young, persistent sea-sickness was the principal health-hazard. Home-leave was possible only when the ship was refitting or cleaning boilers, but local leave was liberally granted on both sides of the ocean at the end of convoy duties. After the Normandy landings in 1944, the Flower-class gave way in the Atlantic to the newer and faster frigates and Castle-class corvettes.

===========================================
The SBS first operated in the Aegean in September 1943, when men from M and S Detachments had the task of securing Simi.
This was one of the Italian-held Dodecanese islands which the British were attempting to bring under their control, with the ultimate aim of opening a new front in the Balkans. While small units moved onto some of the islands, Jellicoe parachuted onto Rhodes to try and convince the Italian commander not give in to the Germans stationed there. He failed, and soon the British-held islands were under attack, weakly-defended Cos being the first to fall.
The first landing attempt on Simi in October was fought off by Major Jock Lapraik and his men together with the Italian garrison , with Lassen intimidating those of his new allies who weren't too keen on fighting. Simi was soon facing heavy air attacks and had to be abandoned.
The only large British formation was an infantry brigade on Leros, and with Cos had gone the only airfield. Jellicoe and several patrols were present when the Germans assaulted Leros in November, their job being to attack paratroopers as they landed. However the fall of the island was inevitable, but unlike most of the garrison almost all of the SBS escaped to Turkey and were sent back to Palestine.

========
NOVEMBER 1943 British Aegean Campaign - Conclusion -
German forces land on Leros on the 12th and capture the Island after four day's heavy fighting against the British and Italian defenders. The campaign comes to an end when Samos is evacuated on the 20th, but not before two more 'Hunts' fall victim, this time to Hs293 glider bombs.

At this point Dad was taken prisoner by the Germans and spent the rest of the War as a POW.